Aristotle, in most languages other than English known as Aristoteles, was a Greek philosopher. Along with Plato, he is often considered to be one of the two most influential philosophers in Western thought.

Neil A. Armstrong was an American test pilot and astronaut and the first person to walk on the Moon. Born in Wapakoneta, Ohio, he served in the Korean War as a jet fighter pilot, then became a civilian test pilot for NASA and piloted the X-15 rocket plane. Armstrong was selected by NASA as an astronaut in 1962.

Johann Sebastian Bach was a German organist, composer, and musical scholar of the Baroque period.

Ludwig van Beethoven was a classical composer. Many people believe he was the single greatest composer of all time.

Sir Winston Churchill was one of the most prominent leaders of the 20th century, best known as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II.

Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer. He developed a heliocentric (Sun-centered) theory of the solar system.

Leonardo da Vinci was a celebrated Italian Renaissance architect, inventor, engineer, sculptor and painter.

Salvador Dalí was an important Catalan painter, best known for his surrealist works.

Charles Darwin developed the first theory of a naturalistic mechanism for evolution, that of natural selection.

Albert Einstein was a physicist and mathematician who first proposed the theory of relativity. He also made major contributions in quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics and cosmology.

Maurits Cornelis Escher was a Dutch artist most known for his woodcuts, lithographs and mezzotints, which tend to feature impossible constructions, explorations of infinity, and interlocking geometric patterns which change gradually into completely different forms.

Sigmund Schlomo Freud was an Austrian neurologist. He combined hypnotism, free association, and dream analysis into psychoanalysis.

Galileo Galilei was an Italian philosopher, physicist and astronomer. He has been called the father of modern astronomy and was one of the pioneers of the scientific method.

Mohandas Gandhi was one of the founding fathers of the modern Indian state and an influential advocate of pacifism as a means of revolution.

Stephen William Hawking is one of the world's leading theoretical physicists. He is Lucasian professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.

Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party (from 1919) and Führer (dictator) of Germany from 1933 to 1945.

Thomas Robert Malthus was an English economist known particularly for his views on population growth.

John Milton was an English poet, most famous for his blank verse epic Paradise Lost.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is one of the most popular composers of all time. A child prodigy, he began composing at the age of five.

Sir Isaac Newton was an English scientist, philosopher, mathematician, and alchemist. He was the first to show that the laws governing earthly motion and those governing celestial motion are not different.

Plato was an immensely influential classical Greek philosopher, student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle. His most famous work is The Republic in which he outlines his vision of "an ideal" state. He also wrote the Laws and many dialogues in which Socrates is the main participant.

Elvis Presley was an American singer, known as the King of rock and roll.

William Shakespeare is considered by many to have been the greatest writer the English language has ever known. Not only a playwright, he also wrote 154 sonnets and several major poems.

Alan Turing was a British mathematician who conceived of a machine that could compute by reading and writing an infinite tape according to some simple instructions and state transitions.

Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by pen name Mark Twain, was a famous and popular humorist, writer and lecturer. He was also a steamboat pilot, gold prospector and journalist.

George Washington was the first (1789-1797) President of the United States of America and is recognized by Americans as "The Father of His Country."

Frank Lloyd Wright was one of the most prominent architects of the first half of the 20th century.